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Citation:

Epstein, J. L., & Van Voorhis, F. L. (2001). More than minutes: Teachers' roles in designing homework. Educational Psychologist, 36(3), 181-193.

Annotation:
This article reviews the purposes of homework, draws on research to understand the homework process, and reviews the results of studies of an interactive homework design known as TIPS (Teachers Involve Parents in Schoolwork). The authors found no differences in achievement levels of students from three types of homework programs with the same content and same teacher, but did find differences in parent attitudes. Readers can gain understanding of homework as an effective teaching tool, a useful communication strategy, and a beneficial learning experience. The authors suggest that teachers "design," not just assign, homework, and that more attention be paid to developing teacher skills in homework development.